What antenna polarization is often used for long-distance weak-signal CW and SSB contacts using the VHF and UHF bands?

The use of horizontal polarization is prevalent for long-distance weak-signal communication, particularly in CW (Continuous Wave) and SSB (Single Side Band) modes on the VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) bands. This is due to a couple of reasons.

First, horizontal polarization typically has better performance during long-distance propagation, especially when dealing with weak signals. This is because horizontal antennas tend to experience less fading than vertical antennas, particularly in the presence of obstacles like buildings and terrain that can affect signal propagation.

Furthermore, VHF and UHF bands often benefit from line-of-sight communication, and horizontally polarized antennas can enhance signal quality in this context. Horizontal polarization can also reduce multipath interference, which is critical when trying to receive weak signals over longer distances.

In contrast, vertical polarization is commonly used for local communication and can have advantages in urban environments, but for long-distance weak-signal work like CW and SSB, horizontal polarization generally yields better results.