Which of the following common problems might cause you to be able to hear but not access a repeater even when transmitting with the proper offset?

When you can hear a repeater but are unable to access it despite using the correct offset, it often indicates that additional access requirements are in place. This is common with many repeaters to limit access to authorized users and minimize interference.

Firstly, some repeaters require an audio tone burst, which is a brief signal sent along with your transmission. This prompt signals the repeater that you are authorized to use it. If you do not include this in your transmission, the repeater will not respond to you.

Secondly, a Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) tone is a sub-audible tone transmitted along with your voice transmission that allows the repeater to open its squelch and accept your signal. If this tone is required and you are not using it, your transmission will be ignored.

Lastly, Digital-Coded Squelch (DCS) is a digital alternative to CTCSS. Similar to CTCSS, it helps to manage access to the repeater. If the repeater uses DCS and you are transmitting without it, you won't be able to access the repeater.

Thus, all these options are mechanisms that repeaters might utilize for access control, and being unable to use one or more